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\u0130stanbul\u2019un Suri\u00e7i\u2019nde oturuyorum ben. Yani yeninin i\u00e7inde surlarla \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olan par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve yeninin i\u00e7inde s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f eski \u0130stanbul\u2019dan bahsediyorum sizlere. \u201cNe var ki bunda\u201d diyebilirsiniz. \u201c\u00c7ok normal bir durum. \u0130stanbul koskoca bir \u015fehir. Orada ya\u015f\u0131yorsan, elbette bir yerinde ikamet edeceksin\u201d \u2026 Ancak surlarla \u00e7evrili bu alan\u0131n tarihten gelen \u201c\u0130lk\u201dlerini ve \u201cEn\u201dleriyle ilgili Kadir Has \u00dcniversitesi \u0130leti\u015fim Fak\u00fcltesi Sanat Tarihi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 S.Faruk G\u00f6nc\u00fco\u011flu\u2019nun \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019un \u0130lk\u2019leri ve En\u2019leri\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 okuyunca yeniden kendimi \u00e7ok \u015fansl\u0131 hissettim b\u00f6yle bir yerde ve adac\u0131kta ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in. Neden mi? Bu tarihi yar\u0131madaya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda her yan\u0131m tarih kokuyor da ondan. Belki bu yar\u0131madada ya\u015fayan kimselerin \u00e7o\u011fu bunun fark\u0131nda de\u011fil ama, insan oturdu\u011fu yerin tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00f6\u011frenip \u00e7o\u011fu \u015feyin fark\u0131na var\u0131nca ve bunun tad\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131nca t\u0131pk\u0131 benim gibi, b\u00fcy\u00fck keyif al\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden ben de ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131m, her bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 eskinin.<\/p>\n
Bu arada da merak eder dururdum hep, bu yerle\u015fim alan\u0131nda \u015fehirle\u015fme fikrini ilk kim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f diye. Bunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 kitab\u0131n her bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki efsaneleri yava\u015f yava\u015f okuyunca insan \u00f6\u011freniyor. Asl\u0131nda bu efsanelerden daha \u00f6ncelerinde de \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda \u0130stanbul\u2019da insan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ait ilk izlerin K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u00e7ekmece G\u00f6l\u00fc kenar\u0131nda bulunan Yar\u0131mburgaz Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Bu izler Neolitik ve Kalkolitik d\u00f6nemlere ait. Yani k\u0131saca g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 300.000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar uzanan insan yerle\u015fim izleri var bu \u015fehrin bir yerlerinde, bu bir ma\u011fara olsa bile. Evet bu ma\u011fara, d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem bar\u0131nak ve tap\u0131nak olarak da kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. 7500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden ba\u015flayarak, tar\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ge\u00e7en insanlara mesken olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca bu ma\u011faradan hari\u00e7 Bostanc\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7erenk\u00f6y aras\u0131ndaki kaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131nda, Marmara k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda Avc\u0131lar, Haramire\u2019de, kar\u015f\u0131 yakada Dudullu, Fikirtepe, Pendik, Av\u015fa adas\u0131, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i G\u00f6ksu deresi boylar\u0131nda 100.000, 50.000, 7500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait yerle\u015fim izleri de bulunmu\u015f.<\/p>\n
Bu arada \u00e7ok enteresand\u0131r, oturdu\u011fum semte yak\u0131n olan ve bug\u00fcn trafi\u011fi ve kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fc olan Bayrampa\u015fa semtindeki bir dere k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na M.\u00d6. 1200\u2019lerde Traklar, Frigyal\u0131lar, Bitinyal\u0131lar gelip yerle\u015fmi\u015f. O zamanlar bu derenin ad\u0131 Licus deresiymi\u015f. Bu dere Topkap\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinden ge\u00e7erek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Yenikap\u0131 civar\u0131nda Langa\u2019da denize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcyormu\u015f Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ad\u0131 \u201cBayrampa\u015fa Deresi\u201dymi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Bu arada \u0130stanbul\u2019un ilk efsanesi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel kad\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7in Sarayburnu\u2019nda kurulan bir masal saray\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Hadi bu efsaneyi Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019nin kaleminden \u00f6\u011frenelim.<\/p>\n
\u201cHz. S\u00fcleyman, Kaf da\u011flar\u0131na kadar yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn tek sultan\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde, okyanusun ortas\u0131ndaki Ferend\u00fcz Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Saydun\u2019u bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc h\u00fckm\u00fc alt\u0131na alamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Saydun \u00e7ok gururluydu, Hz. S\u00fcleyman da olsa kimseye ba\u015f e\u011fmiyordu. Hz. S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n buna \u00e7ok can\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve Ferend\u00fcz Adas\u0131\u2019na bir sefer tertip etti.<\/p>\n
Hz. S\u00fcleyman bir gazaya gidece\u011fi zaman emir verir, tahtadan bir d\u00f6\u015feme yapt\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6nce taht\u0131 bu d\u00f6\u015femeye yerle\u015ftirir, askerleri, hayvanlar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn harp aletleri, te\u00e7hizat\u0131 ve gerekli her \u015feyi de y\u00fcklettirir, sonra da \u015fiddetle esen r\u00fczgara emrederdi. R\u00fczgar hemen tahtan\u0131n alt\u0131na girer, sabahtan \u00f6\u011fleye kadar bir zaman i\u00e7inde onlar\u0131 bir ayl\u0131k yola g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Bu seferinde yine \u00f6yle oldu. Hz. S\u00fcleyman Ferend\u00fcz Adas\u0131\u2019na gitti. \u0130nsan ve cinlerden olu\u015fan ordusuyla Kral Saydun\u2019u yendi. Memleketini ve halk\u0131n\u0131 esir etti. Sonra da Saydun\u2019u huzuruna getirtip ate\u015f sa\u00e7an k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131yla onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ferend\u00fcz Kral\u0131 Saydun\u2019un d\u00fcnyada e\u015fi emsali olmayan g\u00fczellikte bir gen\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131 vard\u0131. Ad\u0131 \u201cAlina\u201dyd\u0131. Hz. S\u00fcleyman Alina\u2019y\u0131 sava\u015f hediyesi olarak ald\u0131 ve Hak dinine davet ederek onunla evlendi.<\/p>\n
Hz. S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n nesepleri saf ve \u015feref sahibi ailelerden olan han\u0131mlar\u0131 vard\u0131, ama Alina hepsinden ba\u015fkayd\u0131. Hz. S\u00fcleyman ona kad\u0131nlardan hi\u00e7birini sevmedi\u011fi kadar severek kalbini verdi. Fakat Alina hep keder i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yor, hep a\u011fl\u0131yordu. Hz. S\u00fcleyman bir g\u00fcn kendisine sordu: \u201cG\u00fczel Alina, senden ayr\u0131lmayan bu kayg\u0131 ve eksilmeyen bu g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 nedir?\u201d diye.<\/p>\n
Alina ise; \u201cYa Eminullah, babam\u0131 hat\u0131rlad\u0131k\u00e7a keder ve hasret i\u00e7inde kal\u0131yorum, emret de benim i\u00e7in babam\u0131n bir heykelini yaps\u0131nlar. Sonra da bir saray yapt\u0131r, \u00f6mr\u00fcm\u00fcn geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 o sarayda dua ve ibadetle ge\u00e7ireyim. Babam\u0131n heykeline bakt\u0131k\u00e7a da kederlerim gider.\u201d<\/p>\n
Hz. S\u00fcleyman sevgili han\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bu ricas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti ve hemen insanlar\u0131, cinleri, ku\u015flar\u0131, r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 toplay\u0131p emir verdi: \u201cTez olun. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel yeri neresidir, bulup bana haber verin.\u201d Hz. S\u00fcleyman Alina\u2019s\u0131na yapt\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 saray\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel yerinde olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu.<\/p>\n
Cinler, insanlar, ku\u015flar ve r\u00fczgarlar yedi g\u00fcn sonra haber getirdiler: Hz. S\u00fcleyman hemen \u0130stanbul\u2019a geldi. Sarayburnu\u2019nda bir gece ge\u00e7irdi. Sabahleyin uyan\u0131nca havan\u0131n ve suyun etkisiyle kendisini tam manas\u0131yla gen\u00e7 ve kuvvetli hissetti. Sonra cinlere emir verip hemen burada bir saray yapt\u0131rd\u0131 ve \u201ck\u0131yamete kadar mamur olsun\u201d diye \u0130stanbul i\u00e7in hayr duas\u0131 etti.<\/p>\n
Efsaneni sonu ise ac\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Me\u011fer g\u00fczel Alina bu sarayda gizli gizli babas\u0131n\u0131n heykeline taparm\u0131\u015f!.. Hak dininin bir peygamberi olan Hz. S\u00fcleyman bunu \u00f6\u011frenince sevgili Alina\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u201cBiz Allah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131y\u0131z, hep Allah\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131na d\u00f6nece\u011fiz\u201d ayetini okuduktan sonra o putu, yani Alina\u2019n\u0131n babas\u0131n\u0131n heykelini k\u0131rd\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan temiz elbiseler getirilmesini emretti. Bu elbiselerin iplikleri ancak bakire k\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan e\u011frilir ve dokunur, ancak bakire k\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131kan\u0131rd\u0131. Hz. S\u00fcleyman bunlar\u0131 giydi. A\u00e7\u0131k bir yere \u00e7\u0131karak yere k\u00fcl serpilmesini emretti. Sonra bu k\u00fcl\u00fcn \u00fczerine oturdu, Allah\u2019a dua etti. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel yerinde yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sarayda kar\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenen g\u00fcnah\u0131n aff\u0131n\u0131 diledi. Ondan sonra Sarayburnu\u2019nu da, yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 saray\u0131 da oldu\u011fu gibi b\u0131rak\u0131p Kud\u00fcs\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fc.\u201d<\/p>\n
Evliya \u00c7elebi b\u00f6ylece efsaneyi kaydettikten sonra Sarayburnu\u2019na \u201cSarayburnu\u201d denilmesinin sebebi de budur demeye getirdi. Hatta \u201cMilletler ve H\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck eserinde tarih\u00e7i Taberi de yer zikretmeden bu rivayeti anlat\u0131r. Biz de bunu b\u00f6ylece al\u0131yoruz. Hatta Evliya \u00c7elebi, Hz. S\u00fcleyman\u2019dan sonra o\u011flunun Sarayburnu\u2019nda bir \u00e7ok binalar yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve buras\u0131n\u0131 merkez edindi\u011fini, sonradan gelen krallar\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u201cHz. S\u00fcleyman makam\u0131d\u0131r\u201d deyip \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdiklerini, buras\u0131n\u0131 mamur k\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazar.<\/p>\n
Yine Istanbul\u2019un ilk kurulu\u015fu hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli efsaneler var bu kitapta. Bunlar\u0131 da sat\u0131rlar\u0131 okuduk\u00e7a \u00f6\u011freniyoruz.<\/p>\n
Orta Yunanistan kentlerinden biri olan Megara\u2019dan bir grup yeni bir yurt kurmak \u00fczere geldikleri Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i\u2019ni ge\u00e7erek, M.\u00d6. 685-680 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ilk \u00f6nce Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019\u00fc (Kalkedon) kuruyorlar. Ard\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 660-657 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da bir ba\u015fka Megaral\u0131 grup ba\u015flar\u0131nda grup lideri Byzas (Bizas) ile gelerek, Sarayburnu\u2019nda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130stanbul \u015fehrini kuruyorlar. Bu \u015fehir kurucusundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r ki 2. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar \u201cByzantion\u201d (Bizantion) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Sarayburnu hakk\u0131nda eski Yunan mitolojisinden gelme ve eski tarih\u00e7ilerin, co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u015fka me\u015fhur efsane daha var. Eski Yunanistan\u2019da bulunan Megaral\u0131lar ba\u015flar\u0131nda krallar\u0131 Byzas oldu\u011fu halde, yeni bir \u015fehir kurmak \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131karlar. Daha \u00f6nce, Delfi kahinine kuracaklar\u0131 \u015fehrin nerede olabilece\u011fini sorarlar. Kahin \u201cK\u00f6rler memleketinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131 verir. Megaral\u0131lar dola\u015fa dola\u015fa Sarayburnu\u2019na, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu tepeye gelirler. Buraya hayran kal\u0131rlar. Kar\u015f\u0131 sahilde Kalkedon \u015fehrini g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Sarayburnu dururken Kalkedonyal\u0131lar\u0131n orada \u015fehir kurmalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6rl\u00fck olarak nitelendirirler. Kahinin bahsetti\u011fi \u201ck\u00f6rler memleketi\u201dnin buras\u0131; \u201cKalkedon\u201d oldu\u011funa karar vererek \u015fehirlerini Sarayburnu\u2019nda kurarlar. \u015eehrin ad\u0131n\u0131 da krallar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 olan \u201cByzas\u201d koyarlar. \u0130lk \u0130stanbul budur. Her iki efsane de \u0130stanbul\u2019un ilk olarak Sarayburnu\u2019nda kuruldu\u011funu hikaye eder.<\/p>\n
Tarihler bu hadisenin Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fumundan 658 sene evvel vukuu buldu\u011funu yazar. Kalkedon \u015fehri de bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Harem-Salacak k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki y\u00fckseklikte, daha \u00e7ok Do\u011fanc\u0131lar semtindedir. \u00dcsk\u00fcdar o zamanlar derin bir koy ve Kalkedon\u2019un liman\u0131yd\u0131. Kalken soluna do\u011fru yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00e7ok sonra Kad\u0131k\u00f6y ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Daha sonra Istanbul, B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma \u0130mparator\u2019u I. Konstantinus taraf\u0131ndan ilk defa bir imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fkenti yap\u0131ld\u0131. M.S. 324-330 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda alt\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir yeniden in\u015fadan sonra kent, d\u00f6rt kat b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek 11 May\u0131s 330 tarihinde b\u00fcy\u00fck Roma\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti oldu ve ba\u015fkent olu\u015fu 40 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren e\u011flencelerle kutland\u0131. Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkenti Roma\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O zaman verilen ad\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul\u2019a Yeni Roma (Nova Roma) dendi. Daha sonraki tarihlerde kent \u201cKonstantinopolis\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019ye g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok ismi olan \u015fehir \u0130stanbul\u2019dur. \u0130stanbul kentine Latinler \u201cMakedonya\u201d, S\u00fcryaniler \u201cYankovi\u00e7e, Aleksandra\u201d, Yahudiler \u201cVizendovina\u201d, Frenkler \u201cYa\u011ffuriye, Pozantiyam, Konstantiniye\u201d, Avusturyal\u0131lar (Nem\u00e7e) \u2018Konstantinapol\u2019, Ruslar \u201cTekf\u00fcriye\u201d, Macarlar \u201cVizendovar\u201d, Felemenkler (Hollandal\u0131lar) \u201c\u0130stefaniye\u201d, Portekizliler \u201cKostin\u201d, Araplar \u201cKonstantiniyye-i K\u00fcbra\u201d (B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130stanbul), \u0130ranl\u0131lar \u201cKayser-i Zemin\u201d (Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u0130mparatoru), Hintliler \u201cTaht-\u0131 Rum\u201d (Roma h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131), Mo\u011follar \u201c\u00c7akdurkan\u201d, Tatarlar \u201cSakalya\u201d adlar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\u201cBizantion\u201d kentin tarihini ba\u015flatan ismidir. Latince\u2019de \u201cBizantoum\u201d, Grek\u00e7e\u2019de \u201cVizantion\u201ddu. \u0130stanbul Latince ilk ad\u0131n\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Roma \u0130mparatoru Septimius Severus\u2019un o\u011flu Antonius\u2019un ismini bu \u015fehre vermesi ile alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M.S. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ermeni kaynaklar\u0131nda \u015fehrin ad\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u0130stanbol\u201d ya da \u201cIst\u0131nbol\u201d olarak yer almas\u0131 daha da ilgin\u00e7tir. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130bn Batuta da \u201cAstanbul\u201d olarak bahseder. Peygamber efendimizin hadis-i \u015ferifine g\u00f6re \u015fehrin ad\u0131 \u201cKostant\u0131niyye\u201ddir. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u015fehrin adlar\u0131 o kadar \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: Dersaadet (Saadet Kap\u0131s\u0131), Der-i Devlet, Deraliye, Asitane, Dar\u00fc\u2019s-Saltana, \u0130slambol. Sultan III. Mustafa, 1762 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u201cKonstantiniyye\u201d denmesini yasaklad\u0131. Fakat sonralar\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonuna kadar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de bu ad kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Arap\u00e7a olarak verilen \u201cBelde-i Tayyibe\u201d (G\u00fczel kent) ad\u0131 Ebced hesab\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul\u2019un fetih tarihi olan hicri 857 (Miladi 1453) rakam\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder<\/p>\n
Tabii bu kadar g\u00fczel bir \u015fehir kurulur da bu \u015fehri g\u00f6k ve yer afetlerinden ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc belalardan korumak amac\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fc ve t\u0131ls\u0131mlar yap\u0131lmaz m\u0131? Yap\u0131l\u0131r elbet. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu da bug\u00fcn hala ayaktad\u0131r. Bu konudaki bilgiyi de Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019nin Seyahatnamesi\u2019nden \u00f6\u011freniyoruz.<\/p>\n
Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019ye g\u00f6re; Bizans \u0130mparatorlar\u0131 Yanko, Vezondan ve Konstantinus d\u00f6neminde halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6k ve yer afetlerinden korunmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul \u00e7ok g\u00fczel imar edilmi\u015f ve bu arada ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerden de \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilen \u00fcnl\u00fc m\u00fchendis ve mimarlar taraf\u0131ndan, kenti t\u00fcrl\u00fc belalardan korumak amac\u0131yla 27 t\u0131ls\u0131ml\u0131 an\u0131t dikilmi\u015f. Bu t\u0131ls\u0131ml\u0131 an\u0131tlardan ilk on be\u015fi \u015funlarm\u0131\u015f:<\/p>\n
Birinci t\u0131ls\u0131m; \u201cAvratpazar\u0131\u201d (Cerrahpa\u015fa) denilen yerde, bin par\u00e7a beyaz mermerden, minare gibi i\u00e7i bo\u015f merdivenli y\u00fcksek bir direkmi\u015f (Arkadius S\u00fctunu). Dire\u011fin tepesinde peri y\u00fczl\u00fc bir heykel duruyormu\u015f. S\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re bu peri y\u00fczl\u00fc heykel y\u0131lda bir defa bir feryat kopar\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ne kadar ku\u015f varsa o heykelin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nermi\u015f. Ku\u015flar\u0131n binlercesi yere d\u00fc\u015fer, halk da bunlar\u0131 yermi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Ben bu s\u00fctunun yerini \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumdan beri biliyorum. Bu yer Cerrahpa\u015fa Ekmek Fabrikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yan taraf\u0131ndayd\u0131. ve biz o g\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocukluk heyecan\u0131yla bu s\u00fctunun alt k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcme \u00e7\u0131kar orada oyun oynard\u0131k. O s\u00fctunun bir de alt k\u0131sm\u0131 vard\u0131. O s\u00fctunun yan\u0131ndaki derme \u00e7atma bir binada ya\u015fayan ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar buraya bu s\u00fctunu g\u00f6rmeye gelen turistlere buray\u0131 gezdirirler, ev har\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 buradan kar\u015f\u0131larlard\u0131. Daha sonra o ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra oray\u0131 sat\u0131n alanlar, art\u0131k buray\u0131 halka a\u00e7m\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci t\u0131ls\u0131m; Tavukpazar\u0131 (\u00c7emberlita\u015f) denilen yerdeydi. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli som mermerden s\u00fctunun; hanedan\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden, hastal\u0131klardan ve fesattan korudu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Konstantin\u2019in dikti\u011fi bu y\u00fcksek s\u00fctun \u00fczerindeki bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131k ku\u015fu timsali t\u0131ls\u0131m y\u0131lda bir kere kanat \u00e7\u0131rpmas\u0131 \u00fczerine b\u00fct\u00fcn ku\u015flar gaga ve t\u0131rnaklar\u0131 ile \u00fc\u00e7er tane zeytin getirdikleri de belirtilir.<\/p>\n
3. t\u0131ls\u0131m; Sara\u00e7hane\u2019de B\u00fcy\u00fck Pozantin\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n mezar\u0131 \u00fczerine dikilmi\u015fti. \u201cK\u0131zta\u015f\u0131\u201d diye bilinen bu t\u0131ls\u0131m, \u0130mparatorun k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131lanlardan, \u00e7\u0131yanlardan ve kar\u0131ncalardan korumak i\u00e7in dikilmi\u015fti. Bu K\u0131zta\u015f\u0131 \u015fimdi o mahalleye ad\u0131n\u0131 da veriyor. Ge\u00e7enlerde yolum bu K\u0131zta\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ti. Durup saatlerce ta\u015f\u0131 inceledim etraf\u0131mdan gelip ge\u00e7enlerin tuhaf bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda. Eh ne de olsa 1675 senelik bir ta\u015fa bak\u0131yordum.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc, be\u015finci, alt\u0131nc\u0131 ve yedinci t\u0131ls\u0131mlar\u0131n hepsi Alt\u0131mermerli s\u00fctununun \u00fczerindeydi. Alt\u0131mermer \u015fimdiki Kocamustafapa\u015fa semtindeydi. Alt\u0131 adet mermer s\u00fctunun her biri eski bilginler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her bir mermer s\u00fctunda bir t\u0131ls\u0131m bulunurdu.<\/p>\n
4. t\u0131ls\u0131m, Alt\u0131mermer\u2019den biriydi. Bunlardan birinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde s\u00fcrekli olarak v\u0131z\u0131ldayan bir sinek resmi vard\u0131. Bu sayede \u0130stanbul\u2019a sivrisinek girmedi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
Be\u015finci t\u0131ls\u0131m; yine Alt\u0131mermer\u2019den biriydi. Bunda ise bir leylek resmi vard\u0131. Bu leylek y\u0131lda iki kere \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k atard\u0131. Birinci \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131kta bir anda her yer leylek dolar, ikinci \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131kta \u0130stanbul\u2019daki t\u00fcm leylekler ortadan kaybolurmu\u015f<\/p>\n
Alt\u0131nc\u0131 t\u0131ls\u0131m\u2019da ise bir horoz resmi vard\u0131. Bu horoz 24 saatte bir \u00f6ter ve b\u00fct\u00fcn horozlara \u00f6nderlik edermi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Yedinci t\u0131ls\u0131m; Alt\u0131mermer\u2019in birinde bulunan kurt resmiydi. Bu kurt sayesinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da koyun s\u00fcr\u00fcleri \u00e7obans\u0131z gezer, ak\u015fam oldu mu beslenmi\u015f bir halde eksiksiz olarak ah\u0131rlar\u0131na d\u00f6nermi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Sekizinci t\u0131ls\u0131m; tun\u00e7tan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7 bir erkek ve sevgilisinin birbiriyle kucakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f haldeki heykelleriydi. Halktan kar\u0131-koca kim kavga ederse, i\u00e7lerinden biri gelip bu heykeli kucaklarsa hemen bar\u0131\u015f\u0131rlarm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
Dokuzuncu t\u0131ls\u0131m; Bilgin Calinus\u2019un beyaz mermer \u00fczerine yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtiyar adam ve kad\u0131n resmiydi. Bir erkek ile kad\u0131n ge\u00e7inemezler de onlardan biri bu heykeli kucaklar ise hemen bo\u015fan\u0131rlarm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
Onuncu t\u0131ls\u0131m; Sultan Beyazid Hamam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131nda d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015feli bir s\u00fctundu. Bunun sayesinde \u015fehre taun (veba) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 girmezmi\u015f. Beyazid Hamam\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken bu t\u0131ls\u0131m y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. O anda Sultan Bayezid\u2019in bir o\u011flu vebadan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ve kentte veba salg\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f.<\/p>\n
On birinci t\u0131ls\u0131m; Tekfur Saray\u0131\u2019ndaki tun\u00e7tan bir ifrit heykeliydi. Bu heykel y\u0131lda bir kez etraf\u0131na ate\u015f sa\u00e7arm\u0131\u015f. Bu ate\u015ften bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m alabilen \u00e7ok sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olur, gen\u00e7 kal\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. O ate\u015ften bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m al\u0131p da evinde mutfa\u011f\u0131na koyarsa o adam hayatta olduk\u00e7a o ate\u015f hi\u00e7 s\u00f6nmezmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
On ikinci t\u0131ls\u0131m; Zeyrek\u2019te Hz. Yahya Kilisesi biti\u015fi\u011findeki bir ma\u011farad\u0131r. Her sene k\u0131\u015f\u0131n zemheri geceleri olunca nice \u201ckoncoloz\u201d denilen cad\u0131lar bu ma\u011faradan \u00e7\u0131karak arabalara binip dola\u015f\u0131rlarm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
On \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc t\u0131ls\u0131m; Ayasofya\u2019da d\u00f6rt s\u00fctunlu bir an\u0131tt\u0131r. Azrail, Cebrail, \u0130srafil ve Mikail resimleri bulunan bu s\u00fctunlar\u0131n her biri bir t\u0131ls\u0131md\u0131. Cebrail kanat \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131nca Do\u011fu\u2019da bolluk olur derlerdi. \u0130srafil resmi kanat \u00e7\u0131rparsa, Bat\u0131\u2019da k\u0131tl\u0131k olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Mikail resmi kanat \u00e7\u0131rparsa, Kuzey\u2019den bir kahraman \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f. Azrail resmi kanat \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nca d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yan\u0131na veba salg\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flarm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
On d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc t\u0131ls\u0131m; Atmeydan\u0131\u2019nda (Sultanahmet) \u201cMilyonpar\u201d (\u00d6rme S\u00fctun) denilen bir an\u0131tt\u0131r. 300.000 ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lma bu s\u00fctunun tepesinde \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir m\u0131knat\u0131s vard\u0131r. Bu m\u0131knat\u0131s \u0130stanbul\u2019u depremlerden korurmu\u015f. Evliya \u00c7elebi bu dikili ta\u015fla ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle bahseder: Atmeydan\u0131\u2019nda Milyonpar adl\u0131 yapma y\u00fcksek bir s\u00fctundur ki usta z\u0131rai ile boyu 150 ar\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r. Kostantin zaman\u0131nda y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda olan padi\u015fahlar\u0131n ellerindeki kalelerin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerin say\u0131s\u0131nca her padi\u015fahtan o kadar de\u011ferli ve muteber renk renk de\u011ferli ta\u015flar isteyip geldi\u011finde Atmeydan\u0131 alan\u0131nda da\u011flar gibi y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131p tamam oldukta hesap ettiler \u00fc\u00e7 kere y\u00fcz bin \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit ta\u015f gelmi\u015f. Ondan bildiler ki Konstantin \u00fc\u00e7er kere y\u00fcz bin kale ve \u015fehre malik kral imi\u015f. Daha sonra bir yetkin usta bu ta\u015flar\u0131n d\u00fcnya durduk\u00e7a durmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Atmeydan\u0131\u2019nda bu ta\u015flardan kale ve \u015fehirlerin d\u00fczeni i\u00e7in bir minare mili t\u0131ls\u0131m edip milin ta ortas\u0131nda bir kal\u0131n demir mil dikip d\u00f6rt taraf\u0131na an\u0131lan ta\u015fla hendese \u00fczere in\u015fa edip milin ta en tepesine hamam kubbesi kadar bir m\u0131knat\u0131s ta\u015f\u0131 koyup o milin ortas\u0131na konan demir mili m\u0131knat\u0131s \u00e7ekip b\u00fct\u00fcn renk renk ta\u015flar da birbiri \u00fczerine metanet buldu. O milin b\u00fct\u00fcn ta\u015flar\u0131 yedi iklim \u015fehirlerinin her birinden gelip yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in milyonpar derler. Hala sabit bir ibret verici bir par\u00e7a bir alamettir. Mimarba\u015f\u0131 milin dibinde g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr ki Uryarin adl\u0131 bir ustad\u0131r. Ayasofya\u2019y\u0131 yapan Agnados Mimar\u2019\u0131n o\u011fludur.<\/p>\n
On be\u015finci t\u0131ls\u0131m; Burma S\u00fctun\u2019dur. \u00dc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131 ejderha \u015feklindeydi. Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n birisini bir yeni\u00e7eri yi\u011fidi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ile bir vuru\u015fta k\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O tarihten itibaren bunun t\u0131ls\u0131m\u0131 k\u0131smen bozulmu\u015f, \u0130stanbul\u2019da daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezken, birdenbire akrepler \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu t\u0131ls\u0131mlar o g\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019u korumakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar efsanelerin kulaktan kula\u011fa anlat\u0131m\u0131yla gelmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn bu yar\u0131madan\u0131n her yerinde yap\u0131lan bina kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda binlerce senelik eserler g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nmakta, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da sessizce y\u0131k\u0131larak bir tarih yok edilmektedir. Bug\u00fcn Vatan Caddesi\u2019nden Yenikap\u0131\u2019ya yap\u0131lacak metro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla Murat Pa\u015fa Camii arkas\u0131nda yerin be\u015f on metre alt\u0131nda saray kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bulunmu\u015f ve metro in\u015faat\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur \u00f6rne\u011fin.<\/p>\n
Son s\u00f6z olarak bizler gen\u00e7ler olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015fin tarihsel izlerini yok ederek gelece\u011fe, gelece\u011fimize yol a\u00e7amay\u0131z. Hepimizin \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6rev bu tarihsel zenginlikteki hazineye sahip \u00e7\u0131karak, onu gelece\u011fe yine ayn\u0131 g\u00fczellikte b\u0131rakman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 yaratmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc;<\/p>\n
\u201dGe\u00e7mi\u015fine sahip \u00e7\u0131kamayan toplumlar, geleceklerine umut ba\u011flayamazlar.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ya da;<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130stanbul koca \u015fehir seni. Seni ancak t\u0131ls\u0131mlar korur.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130stanbul T\u0131ls\u0131mlar\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019un Suri\u00e7i\u2019nde oturuyorum ben. Yani yeninin i\u00e7inde surlarla \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olan par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve yeninin i\u00e7inde s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f eski \u0130stanbul\u2019dan bahsediyorum sizlere. \u201cNe var ki bunda\u201d diyebilirsiniz. \u201c\u00c7ok normal bir durum. \u0130stanbul koskoca bir \u015fehir. Orada ya\u015f\u0131yorsan, elbette bir yerinde ikamet edeceksin\u201d \u2026 Ancak surlarla \u00e7evrili bu alan\u0131n tarihten gelen \u201c\u0130lk\u201dlerini ve \u201cEn\u201dleriyle ilgili […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26863,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1980],"tags":[2204,2205,2227,2233,2209,2202,2222,2239,2237,2236,2203,2196,2215,2211,2194,2238,2213,2234,2231,2232,2216,2225,2200,2219,2206,2198,2210,2195,2229,2124,2228,2235,2193,2240,2207,2199,2221,2214,2224,2197,2230,2201,2226,2220,2223,2217,2208,2212,2218],"class_list":["post-26862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-50-000","tag-7500-yil-oncesine-ait-yerlesim-izleri-de-bulunmus-bu-arada-cok-enteresandir","tag-araplar-konstantiniyye-i-kubra-buyuk-istanbul","tag-asitane","tag-askerleri","tag-avsa-adasi","tag-avusturyalilar-nemce-konstantinapol","tag-batida-kitlik-olacagina-inanilirdi-mikail-resmi-kanat-cirparsa","tag-besinci","tag-bin-parca-beyaz-mermerden","tag-bogazici-goksu-deresi-boylarinda-100-000","tag-bu-bir-magara-olsa-bile-evet-bu-magara","tag-bulup-bana-haber-verin-hz-suleyman-alinasina-yaptiracagi-sarayin","tag-butun-harp-aletleri","tag-buyuk-keyif-aliyor-bu-yuzden-ben-de-arastirmaya-basladim","tag-cebrail","tag-cinleri","tag-darus-saltana","tag-der-i-devlet","tag-deraliye","tag-dunyanin-en-guzel-yerinde-olmasini-istiyordu-cinler","tag-felemenkler-hollandalilar-istefaniye","tag-fikirtepe","tag-frenkler-yagfuriye","tag-frigyalilar","tag-haramirede","tag-hayvanlari","tag-her-bir-karisini-eskinin-bu-arada-da-merak-eder-dururdum-hep","tag-hintliler-taht-i-rum-roma-hukumdarligi","tag-insanlar","tag-iranlilar-kayser-i-zemin-yeryuzu-imparatoru","tag-islambol-sultan-iii-mustafa","tag-istanbul-tilsimlari","tag-istanbulda-daha-once-hic-gorunmezken","tag-kaf-daglarina-kadar-yeryuzunun-tek-sultani-oldugu-halde","tag-karsi-yakada-dudullu","tag-konstantiniye","tag-kuslari","tag-macarlar-vizendovar","tag-marmara-kiyilarinda-avcilar","tag-mogollar-cakdurkan","tag-pendik","tag-portekizliler-kostin","tag-pozantiyam","tag-ruslar-tekfuriye","tag-suryaniler-yankovice","tag-tahtadan-bir-doseme-yaptirirdi-once-tahti-bu-dosemeye-yerlestirir","tag-techizati-ve-gerekli-her-seyi-de-yuklettirir","tag-yahudiler-vizendovina"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26862"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26864,"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26862\/revisions\/26864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/omegawebtasarim.com\/hazir-medyum-falci-web-sitesi-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}